Genetic improvement of poultry: A review on conventional breeding to biotechnological approaches

Abstract

Biotechnology in animal production is expanding at a quicker rate than plant production. The major goal of this review is to learn about the traditional breeding and many biotechnologies employed in poultry species for genetic improvement. The conventional breeding system primarily focuses on many selection processes, such as selective breeding, and progeny testing. To optimize genetic improvement, molecular genetic techniques must be used in conjunction with conventional poultry breeding procedures. Since a large number of DNA-level genetic polymorphisms have been identified over time, genetic markers have become crucial in the breeding of poultry as they may be used to assess the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity. Artificial insemination (AI) is the most frequently used animal biotechnology in terms of reproduction, genetics, and breeding, allowing for considerable genetic improvement. Molecular DNA markers can also be employed to characterize and protect animal genetic resources, as well as for genetic improvement via marker-assisted selection (MAS). Numerous windows of opportunity for the direct production of transgenic poultry are also indicated by the different stages of germ cell development. This review incorporates current advancements and new insights about poultry production genetic improvement methods, and the ability to alter avian development. Specific alternatives will help to make more informed decisions about the future deployment of acceptable biotechnologies in the poultry sector. At that point, we will be able to confidently state to any audiences that poultry genetic improvement has been accomplished through the use of traditional breeding and biotechnology tools.