Concurrent manifestation of feline infectious peritonitis and feline panleukopenia virus infection in cat: A case study

Abstract

Concurrent infection with Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) and Feline
PanleukopeniaVirus (FPV) is rare but clinically devastating. This case
study was carried out on a 2.6-year-old unvaccinated male long-haired
mixed breed cat weighing about 5.8 kg with the history of recurrent
vomiting and minimally responsive of previous treatment at the
Teaching and Training Pet Hospital and Research Center, Purbachal,
Dhaka of Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. The
objective of the study was to assess the severity of clinical
manifestations, evaluating the hemato-biochemical changes and
observing the prognosis of co-morbidity. The cat presented with
symptoms including vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, icterus, diarrhea and
dehydration. Haematological analysis revealed marked neutrophilia,
thrombocytopenia, and elevated packed cell volume (PCV). Serum
biochemistry showed severe hyperbilirubinemia, increased hepatic
enzymes, hyperglobulinemia, and a decreased albumin-to-globulin ratio.
Imaging studies were largely unremarkable except medullary rim was
found in kidney. Rapid test kits were positive for both FIP antibody and
FPV antigen. Based on diagnosis, treatment was given with antiviral
therapy (GS-441524) for FIP and supportive care for FPV, including
intravenous fluids and antibiotics but the cat’s condition worsened, and
the patient ultimately passed away within two days of treatment. This
case highlights the complexities of diagnosing and managing concurrent
viral infections in cats and stresses the importance of early detection,
comprehensive care, and preventive measures in controlling the spread
of these infections in veterinary practice.