Extraction and Properties Evaluation of Chitin and Chitosan Prepared from Different Crustacean Waste

Abstract

Chitin and chitosan are the most widely used raw materials as biocompatible products that are naturally available in different crustacean shells. The aims of this research were the production of chitin and chitosan from crustacean waste, and analyze their quality based on proximate composition, WBC, FBC, solubility, pH, and DDA. Chitin and chitosan were prepared from the waste of three crustacean species viz., P. monodon, M. rosenbergii, and S. serrate through a chemical treatment. The yield of prepared chitin and chitosan were varied from 10.43-12.32% and 4.57-5.78%, respectively, with pH ranged from 7.1-7.9. The physical appearance of chitin and chitosan, based on color was found yellowish white and bright off-white respectively. Chitosan from M. rosenbergii shell was showed high water binding capacity (420%) and fat binding capacity (276%) than chitosan prepared from other shells. The solubility of chitin in 1% acetic acid solution was very low (20-39%) due to the presence of the acetyl group. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was determined by the acid-titration method and it was found high (87%) in chitosan prepared from M. rosenbergii shell. The DDA value obtained from chitosan was high ranged from 69-87%, while the solubility of chitosan achieved up to 96%. For determining the quality changes both chitin and chitosan were stored at ambient temperature in an air-tight condition. There was a little much change in moisture, and solubility remain unchanged in chitin and chitosan structure. The quality of chitin and chitosan prepared from M. rosenbergii shell showed better quality among the above-mentioned three sources. Besides this, the present research result also indicates that the chitin and chitosan prepared from different crustacean waste could be utilized as raw products for the food and pharmaceutical industry.